Because they are so far away from our heart, our feet are often the first part of the
body to show something is wrong with the way blood circulates in our body.
The condition of our toenails can signal the presence or beginning of several diseases.
For example, toenails that are hollow instead of being rounded can indicate iron
deficiency or anemia (a shortage of red blood cells). Increase nail thickness, or bumps on
the nail, can be manifestations of psoriasis, a skin disease.
Your podiatrist will always check the condition of your toenails, and can provide a range
of treatments for all your toenail problems.
The major parts of the toenail are: the nail itself (nail plate); the matrix, from where the nail grows; the lunula, the white, moon-shaped area at the base of the nail; the nail bed, the tissue on which the nail lies; and the sulcus, the groove at the side in which the nail
sits.
Toenails grow constantly. Healthy nails are pink, free of dirt and impairment, and grow into the grooves normally. It takes up to 12 months to replace the toenail of your big toe.
Toenails of people of all ages can undergo a range of changes, some of which are relatively common. They can become thick, brittle, curved, discoloured, infected, clubbed, bumpy and grooved. In some cases, the nail falls off and a new one grows. As we grow older, we are more likely to develop toenail problems.
Toenail problems may be caused by warts, tumours under the nail, trauma, infection, or poor circulation. Major toenail problems can be caused by incorrectly fitting shoes, which press too tightly on the toenails. Injury, such as bruising under the nail and infection can cause permanent nail deformity.
Ingrown toenails are the most common toenail problem. They may be caused by improperly trimmed toenails, very curved edges of nails, shoe pressure or repeated trauma to the feet from normal activities. They may also be inherited. Frequently the pain is due to a corn or callus in the groove (sulcus) of the toenail.
Most cases will require conservative treatment, while others may need surgical correction which can be conducted in your podiatrist’s rooms using a local anaesthetic.
Thickened nails is a common condition. Usually the result of injury to the nail bed, such as dropping something heavy on your toes, or fungal infection. They can be easily and painlessly thinned down by a podiatrist.
Fungal infections are among the most troublesome of nail conditions to treat. They are often characterized by thickening, discoloration and separation of the front of the nail from the nail bed. In some cases, the nail crumbles. These infections tend to stay in the nail if they are not treated, and can infect the nail bed and matrix
There are a range of anti-fungal medications available for treatment in addition to laser treatment. Your podiatrist can assist with trimming and care of out-of-shape nails.
Other infections cause inflammation of the matrix (onychia) and inflammation of the tissue adjacent to the nail (paronychia). In people with lowered immunity, this may lead to serious complications, including more widespread infection extending up the leg. Your podiatrist can detect such infections early and form a suitable treatment plan.
Trauma to the nails may lead to permanent nail deformity. This can be cared for by regular, non-painful podiatric treatment, involving filing and possibly the use of a special drill.
Older people with poor circulation are prone to fragile or brittle nails
Many older people do not have the strength, flexibility, or eyesight to trim their nails, especially if the nails are deformed. They should seek podiatric care for these services, and advice regarding safe self care.
Any sudden changes in colour or shape of the nail, sign of infection, development of a freckly under the nail, or pain should be discussed with your podiatrist. Your podiatrist can diagnose the problem and then advise an appropriate treatment.
Text reproduced with permission from the Australasian Podiatry Council